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Both Pfizer and Moderna have been testing updated booster shots that target the omicron variant.
Substantial protection against hospitalizations and deaths seen among nursing home residents during the omicron surge.
Immunity resulting from previous COVID-19 infection and recent booster vaccination confers the strongest protection against the omicron infection.
Rates were slightly higher at 42 days for those receiving the Pfizer versus Moderna vaccine.
Those who are partially vaccinated and unvaccinated face the same increased risk, whereas boosted and fully vaccinated adults fare best.
However, for all ages, vaccine effectiveness against severe COVID-19 was high overall, at 90% five months or longer after two doses.
No increase in vaccine uptake was seen for individuals receiving text message versus phone calls or for behaviorally informed message content.
Individuals with breakthrough infection have an increased risk for death and postacute sequelae compared with contemporary controls.
Vaccine efficacy ranged from 69.5% against symptomatic infection to 78.8% against moderate-to-severe disease.
A relative risk reduction of 82.8% was seen in symptomatic COVID-19 at extended follow-up of a median of six months.